Теория по приставкам с словообразовании
В данной публикации рассматриваются следующие примеры словообразования c помощью префиксов:
anti+существительное или прилагательное /против/ (например: anti-clockwise, anti-theft);
co+существительное или глагол /вместе/ (например: co-worker, cohabit);
dis+ глагол /отрицание/ (например: dislike);
il,im,in,un,ir +прилагательное /отрицание/ (например: illegal, impossible, indirect, irregular);
inter+прилагательное /между/ (например: intercontinental);
mis+глагол /неправильно/ (например: misunderstand);
over+глагол /слишком много/ (например: overdo);
out+глагол /больше/ (например: outnumber);
post+существительное или глагол /после/ (например: postgraduate);
pre+существительное или глагол /до/ (например: pre-arrangement);
pro+существительное или прилагательное /за, в пользу/ (например: pro-government);
sub+прилагательное /ниже/ (например: substandard);
super+существительное или прилагательное /более значимый чем/ (например: superhuman);
trans+прилагательное /через/ (например: transcontinental);
under+глагол /не достаточно/ (например: undercooked).
Предлагаемые к рассмотрению упражнения позволяют закрепить теоретический материал по теме приставки в словообразовании.
Упражнение 1
1. Releasing the goods without an invoice is most irregular. REGULAR
2. It is illegal to drive a car that is not taxed and insured. LEGAL
3. I dislike walking and I hate the countryside. LIKE
4. You look exhausted — I hope they’re not overworking you. WORK
5. It was impossible to sleep because of the noise. POSSIBLE
6. People can become infected after eating raw or undercooked meat. COOK
7. You can’t mistake their house — it’s got a bright yellow front door. TAKE
8. The police were accused of mishandling the investigation. HANDLE
9. The transcontinental railway goes from New York in the east to San Francisco in the west. CONTINENTAL
10. After a heart attack you have to be careful not to overdo it. DO
11. About 23% of men and women aged 25 to 34 told researchers they had previously cohabited with a partner without it leading to marriage. HABIT
12. I’ll never get all this work done in a week — I’m not superhuman! HUMAN
13. Doctors transplanted a monkey’s heart into a two-year old child. PLANT
14. The benefits from pure research are often indirect. DIRECT
15. I keep worrying that I’ve left the garage door unlocked. LOCK
16. «How do I get the top off this bottle?» «Push it down and twist it anticlockwise.» CLOCKWISE
17. The sales assistant made a mistake and overcharged me by £2. CHARGE
18. Grandma’s very independent and does all her own shopping and cooking. DEPEND
19. It is impolite to point at people. POLITE
20. I strongly disapprove of under-age drinking. APPROVE
21. I was always getting in trouble for misbehaving at school. BEHAVE
22. It is an illogical statement, because if one part is true, then the other must be false. LOGICAL
23. He unzipped his suitcase. ZIP
24. I was told she would be at the meeting, but clearly I was misinformed. INFORM
25. I’m afraid I have to disagree with you on that issue. AGREE
26. Many transatlantic flights land there. ATLANTIC
27. It’s an immoral tax, because the poor will pay relatively more. MORAL
28. I’m sure I never said that! You must have misheard me. HEAR
29. My speech has been misinterpreted by the press. INTERPRET
30. I missed the train this morning because I overslept again. SLEEP
Упражнение 2
1. It was impossible for anyone to get in because no one knew the password. POSSIBLE
2. No one should underestimate how serious the issue is. TAKE
3. The dentist left his wife of 15 years and openly cohabited with his receptionist. HABIT
4. The operation to transplant a kidney is now fairly routine. PLANT
5. I looked towards the plane. Six passengers had already disembarked. EMBARK
6. It is illegal to intercept radio messages. LEGAL
7. He overworks and underpays the poor clerk whom he employs. WORK
8. Businesses are feeling the indirect effects from the recession that’s going on elsewhere. DIRECT
9. He worked irregular hours. REGULAR
10. Her marriage is in trouble and she is desperately unhappy. HAPPY
11. The judge said the police had mishandled the siege. HANDLE
12. It is important never to overdo new exercises. DO
13. When you prearrange your funeral, you can pick your own flowers and music. ARRANGE
14. Officers were terrified of his superhuman strength. HUMAN
15. We don’t serve liver often because so many people dislike it. LIKE
Упражнение 3
1. You’ve been overworking — why don’t you take a week off? WORK
2. The independent group has been attacked and suppressed. DEPENDENT
3. Many employers have recognized that age discrimination is unfair. FAIR
4. A climate of distrust arises that, once in place, makes it more likely that the issues become undiscussable. TRUST
5. They overcharged me by about $2. CHARGE
6. It’s improbable that she would have been so successful without famous parents. PROBABLE
7. She still needs oxygen for her underdeveloped lungs and needs several different drugs every day. DEVELOP
8. We weren’t allowed to disembark until an hour after the ship had docked. EMBARK
9. Times of great change are also times of uncertainty. CERTAIN
10. It seems the banks always profit from farmers’ misfortune. FORTUNE
11. The President’s election defeat was the result of his own miscalculation. CALCULATION
12. More money should be spent on the improvement of substandard housing. STANDARD
13. Students have a tendency to misbehave themselves at exam time. BEHAVE
14. Most of the people in the department hold undergraduate degrees. GRADUATE
15. Losing weight is an indirect result of smoking cigarettes. DIRECT
16. His kidney was transplanted in his daughter. PLANT
17. «How do I get the top off this bottle?» «Push it down and twist it anticlockwise.» CLOCKWISE
18. Rodman claims that he is misunderstood, and that the media has always portrayed him unfairly. UNDERSTAND
19. Intercontinental trade between North and South America has increased. CONTINENT
20. Flats outnumber houses in this area. NUMBER
21. Increased population has transformed the landscape. FORM
22. Unfortunately, you were out when we called. FORTUNE
23. The driver met us at the prearranged time. ARRANGE
24. It will require a superhuman effort to get the job done on time. HUMAN
25. At present, around half of transatlantic telephony traffic is carried via satellite. ATLANTIC
По мотивам Grammar and Vocabulary for First Certificate созданы и другие упражнения на словообразование: суффиксы; абстрактные существительные.